Sustainable Mediterranean Construction

Sustainable Mediterranean Construction

THE WALLS OF BUILDINGS IN THE RURAL AREA OF MOLISE. A BIOCLIMATIC SUBSYSTEM BETWEEN LIMESTONE, BRICK AND RAW EARTH

Authors 

Gigliola Ausiello, Domenico Fornaro

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Excerpt

1. Environment, materials and buildings.

Nature is my manifestation of God. I go to nature every day for inspiration in the day’s work. I follow in building the principles which nature has used in its domain. (Frank Lloyd Wright) 

The economy of the construction is a factor that greatly influences the rural buildings, especially as the supply of materials occurs in the environment. In fact, especially the walls are built with materials from the site where the building is to be realized. Depending on the case, the area of the abutments constitutes the quarry stone or earth.
Rural construction is therefore a strong relationship between economic conditions whose to whom it is addressed and a careful design approach, oriented to the exploitation of environmental resources, both material and energetic, that the environment provides. In this sense, today, this building could be called sustainable and eco-­friendly. The main material used in building rural of Molise is the stone, both limestone sandstone. The limestone is everywhere, in the small field, along the course of the rivers and along the slopes of hills or mountains. Its supply has never been a big problem in the past, especially in the inner areas (Figure 1). In the mountainous areas, the stone characterizes the vertical structure and becomes wall, pillar, door frame and architrave, sheet roofing and flooring. Therefore, the farmer-­builder takes advantage of the local stone as much as possible. Even in places where there are no much stones, it is cleverly procured and laying in the finer points of the building, as the cantonal. Towards the coast, however, it is possible to find an ocher-­colored sandstone. The masonry types seem to change. The mortar becomes increasingly poor with lime and more rich earthy material so as to make it extremely vulnerable these constructions. Just behind the coast, in addition, there were reports of building structures made of raw earth, now no longer be found. The rural buildings are essentially built with poor materials. The stone is used a lot especially in the places where it is already present in nature because it requires less time and labor costs and the result is a more durable constructions. Therefore, in this specific context, the use of brick for load bearing appears to be quite rare and, sometimes, is limited to the upper floors. Mainly it is used for decorative elements and finishing, is present mostly in the openings of the compartments to realize masonry lintels, arches and edges. […]

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SMC N.01 2014

SMC MAGAZINE N. ONE/2014

001_ COVER

003_VIEW Constructing for the De-Growth in the Mediterranean Region
Dora Francese

005_INDEX

006_BOARDS AND INFORMATION

FOCUS ON RAMMED EARTH

007_ Earth Architecture in Sardinia. Identity and Design
Antonello Sanna

012_ Mechanical Characterization of Some Roman Adobe Masonries at the Archaeological Site of Suasa
Stefano Lenci, Enrico Quagliarini

018_Mud Brick Architecture and the Case of Korestia Villages in Greece
Nafsika Exintaveloni, Athanassios Balasas, Fani Vavili

023_Earth Architecture in North of Portugal – Case Study From Vernacular to Contemporary
Paulo Mendonça

029_The Walls of Buildings in the Rural Area of Molise. A Bioclimatic Subsystem between Limestone, Brick and Raw Earth
Gigliola Ausiello, Domenico Fornaro

034_Recovering the Mediterranean Cultural Landscape with Rammed Earth
Dora Francese

040_A Possible Innovation in the Traditional Manufacturing of the Galeb Brick in Southern Tunisia
Fouad Ben Ali, Fabio Iucolano, Barbara Liguori, Domenico Caputo, Daniela Piscopo, Marina Fumo

044_Architecture of Earth and Shade
Flaviano Maria Lorusso

050 _ReHAb: a Project for Participative Retrofitting with Earth and Local Materials
Grégoire Paccoud, Roberto Pennacchio

055_Sustainable Development and New “Ancient Opportunities”: the Raw Earth
Maria Cristina Forlani, Luciana Mastrolonardo

063_Environmental Assessment of Products in Raw Earth
Patrizia Milano

070_The Earthen Architecture and Standard Requirements
Paola De Joanna

075_The Stabilization and the Thermal Resistance of the Rammed Earth
Luca Buoninconti

080_Adobe Bricks as a Structural Material. Perspective Applications to Vault
Maurizio Angelillo, Antonio Fortunato

STUDIES AND RESEARCHES

086_Saint Mary’s Abbey and Saint Filadelfo’s Church (Italy). The Mediterranean Architecture
Màrcia Regina Escorteganha, Marina Fumo, Jacqueline Bayon, Essaid Bilal, Franciele Laner

090_Magna Grecia and Mediterraneo. The settlement of Akropolis
Rosa Maria Giusto

096_A Building Technique for Realization of Opening Bearing Walls of Salento
Fabrizio Leccisi, Paola Francesca Nisticò

100_Smart Heritage as Regeneration of Historic Mediterranean Cities
Starlight Vattano

105_City Mood. About (Cultural) State of the City Space
Marina Mihaila

108_Instruments for the Calculation of Energy Performance in Historical Buildings
Marta Calzolari, Pietromaria Davoli

115_Modeling for Project Design: Instruments for Sustainable and Integrated Design
Giacomo Chiesa, Orio De Paoli

120_PHD RESULTS

121_LIST OF AUTHORS

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