Sustainable Mediterranean Construction

Sustainable Mediterranean Construction

THE QUALITY PROBLEM IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Authors 

Carmine Covelli, Luigi Cimorelli, Andrea D’Aniello, Francesco Morlando, Domenico Pianese

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Excerpt

Introduzione
In the last decades attention towards human health and the rise of life quality standards have lead to a higher interest in the quality of water flowing within pressurized flow systems, such as Water Supply Systems (WSSs) and urban Water Distribution Systems (WDSs). Indeed, it is even more necessary to guarantee high quality levels for drinkable water during the ordinary operation of the system, trying to avoid, for example, the formation of harmful elements such as disinfection by-products (DBPs). Another important issue is the intentional contamination, through the introduction of biological, chemical or radio-active contaminants, whose effects could have a strong repercussion on both public health and safety feeling. As a consequence, to adequately simulate contamination phenomena and individuate alternative intervention policies, such as optimum sites for chlorination booster stations (very important, in ordinary conditions, to decrease DBPs) and monitoring early warning stations (very important to deal with emergency conditions rising from intentional contamination), it is necessary to use appropriate analysis tools and therefore produce specific mathematical models in order to analyze space and time variability of the parameters that characterize the quality of water flowing within both WDSs and WSSs.
One of the most complete models quoted in literature for the analysis of changes of water quality characteristics along WDSs, is undeniably the one proposed by Rossman et al. [10], which allows to evaluate the variability of chlorine concentration in the water distribution systems. The model uses a Lagrangian approach and is based on the subdivision of the water volume contained in each pipe into a given number of segments (elementary cells), which have the same velocity inside the pipe as that of the flow and behave like completely stirred tanks. Because of its characteristics, last version of this model, denominated EPANET 2 [10], is considered, at present, the world standard, even though it presents some problems, hereafter described. Starting from these considerations, the aim of this paper is to propose a new mathematical problem, denominated QualSim_PFN (Quality Simulation in Pressurized Flow Networks), which is able to overcome EPANET’s lacks. As a consequence, in this paper it will first described the EPANET model, then the approach used in the QualSim_PFN model and, finally, it will be synthesized the results of a few runs carried out in order to compare their features and performances. In particular, the contaminants moving within WDSs are usually characterized by very low concentrations and small particle size.  […]

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SMC N.02 2015

SMC MAGAZINE N. TWO/2015

001_ COVER

003_VIEW Water and Mediterranean Construction: How to Build a Soft and Clean Future
Dora Francese

008_BOARDS AND INFORMATION

FOCUS ON WATER AND CONSTRUCTION

009_Water-scapes in Architectural Design Thinking – a Discussion on Water as Conceptual Cultural Sustainable Design Element
Marina Mihaila

014_ Variability of Groundwater Resources in the Cilento Region (Southern Italy)
Vincenzo Allocca, Pantalone De Vita, Ferdinando Manna

020_Rivers to Live by: The Economic, Social, Cultural Benefits of Rivers and the Role of Architecture in Its Enhancement
Fani Vavili, Sonia Gkounta

025_Patagonia. Water and Built Habitat
Liliana Lolich

030_The Khettaras: a Traditional Management System of the Moroccan Drylands
Khalid Rkha Chaham

033_The Water and Architectural Identity in Mediterranean Buildings
Nicolina Mastrangelo, Emanuela Adamo

038_ Leonardo and the Drawnings of Hydraulic Mines
Adriana Rossi, Luis Palmero, Armando Dinaro

044_“River Cities”: Urban Structure and Configurational Analysis
Angela Esposito

048_Analysis of the Architectural/Historic Heritage and Preventive Mitigation Actions Against Hydraulic Risks
Giorgio Giallocosta, Simona Lanza, Francesca Pirlone, Pietro Ugolini

055_Water Saving Assessment in Residential Buildings
Luca Buoninconti, Cristian Filagrossi Ambrosino

066_Water and Social Housing Architecture
Dora Francese

078_Rising Damp in Historical Buildings: Restoration Using the Charge Neutralization Technology (CNT) Domodry
Roberto Castelluccio, Michele Rossetto

089_Design for Hydrocitizens: Architectural Responses to the Defend-Retreat-Attack scenario
Graeme Evans

093_Urban Stormwater Drainage Management by Low Impact Development Practices
Maurizio Giugni, Francesco De Paola

099_Climate Changes, Adaptation, Construction
Adriano Paolella

103_The Quality Problem in Water Distribution Systems
Domenico Pianese, Carmine Covelli, Luigi Cimorelli, Andrea D’Aniello, Francesco Orlando

111_Innovative Water Concepts for the Resilience to Climate Change of East Naples: a Knowledge Transfer-based Design Approach Social Housing Architecture
Cristina Visconti

117_The Eco-friendly Wastewater Treatment at Mountain Refuges: a Short Overview of the Most Promising Technologies
Domenico Caputo, Daniela Piscopo

121_Water Form: Technologies by Nature
Rossella Siani

126_Sea City: the Waterfront of Naples
Viviana Del Naja

EVENTS

132_The Intercultural Seminar “The Sea as a Bridge between Energy Resources and Social Sharing of Land”, November the 27th, 2014

140_The International Seminar ”Recovering River Landscapes”, September the 28th-30th, 2015

141_The Bio-Architecture Workshops of INBAR Sicily: Light, Earth, Water,…, December the 18th-19th, 2015

143_LIST OF AUTHORS

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