{"id":4967,"date":"2023-04-13T15:39:15","date_gmt":"2023-04-13T13:39:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sustainablemediterraneanconstruction.eu\/?page_id=4967"},"modified":"2023-04-13T15:43:03","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T13:43:03","slug":"2016-03-058","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sustainablemediterraneanconstruction.eu\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-058\/","title":{"rendered":"TOWERS, URNS AND CASTLETS. HISTORICAL EVIDENCE OF ANCIENT SYSTEMS OF WATER SUPPLY AND CONVEYANCE IN PALERMO"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4967\" class=\"elementor elementor-4967\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236c667 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236c667\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4776f99\" data-id=\"4776f99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-855f026 elementor-widget elementor-widget-page-title\" data-id=\"855f026\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"page-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"hfe-page-title hfe-page-title-wrapper elementor-widget-heading\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tTOWERS, URNS AND CASTLETS. HISTORICAL EVIDENCE OF ANCIENT SYSTEMS OF WATER SUPPLY AND CONVEYANCE IN PALERMO  \n\t\t\t<\/h1> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-523efe1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"523efe1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e89344d\" data-id=\"e89344d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f3d6d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f3d6d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"display: inline;\">Authors\u00a0<\/h6><h2 style=\"display: inline;\">Tiziana Firrone<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c92b99\" data-id=\"4c92b99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7397444 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7397444\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><div class='w3eden'><!-- WPDM Link Template: List Group -->\n\n    <div class=\"list-group wpdm-lt-card\" style=\"margin: 0 0 15px 0\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sustainablemediterraneanconstruction.eu\/en\/download\/2016-03-058\/\" class=\"d-block\">\n                    <\/a>\n\n        <div class=\"list-group-item d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center\">\n            <h3 class=\"p-0 m-0 elipsis\"><a href='https:\/\/www.sustainablemediterraneanconstruction.eu\/en\/download\/2016-03-058\/'>2016-03-058<\/a><\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"list-group-item d-flex justify-content-between align-items-cente\">\n            File Size <span class=\"badge\">4.6 MB<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"list-group-item d-flex justify-content-between align-items-cente\">\n            Downloads <span class=\"badge\">7<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"list-group-item d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center\">\n                        <a class='wpdm-download-link download-on-click btn btn-primary' rel='nofollow' href='#' data-downloadurl=\"https:\/\/www.sustainablemediterraneanconstruction.eu\/en\/download\/2016-03-058\/?wpdmdl=4970&#038;refresh=6acffb0b0b19b1792015115\">Download<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9578cf9\" data-id=\"9578cf9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f460707 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f460707\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">STUDIES AND RESEARCHES<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-691091c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"691091c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7116c8\" data-id=\"e7116c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734701e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"734701e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9838215 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9838215\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd6decd\" data-id=\"fd6decd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c15d0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c15d0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduzione<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad10ceb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad10ceb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The water flowing from the tap of our homes accounts for the final step of a long and complicated route beaten by time and man. <br \/>The traces that water has left and continues to let in the natural environment and in social fields are indelible, as well as signs left by man, testimonies that the time preserves and history delivered to us and which together form a dense texture that overlaps the physical layout of the environment, integrating and modifying it1. Great works, monuments universally recognized as masterpieces of the mind and of human hands, but also lesser works, everyday artifacts, isolated real estate that make up the elements of a wider and complex organization of settlement phenomena; tiles of a mosaic rich in nuances and reflections, the result of a long process of historical stratification. <br \/>Towers, castles, churches, sanctuaries, villas, belong to the category of isolated works but also houses, farms, ranches and not least the artifacts for water: water mills, aqueducts, water mill, water troughs, water towers, express the relevance of this precious liquid. This is the basic element of many vital processes and is the essential component of the Earth and man2. Motore movens of many human activities and of the birth and development of the greatest civilizations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8c49e86 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8c49e86\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-79347da\" data-id=\"79347da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad8c5d7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ad8c5d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-10d56e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10d56e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-777e7b0\" data-id=\"777e7b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c533d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c533d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preview<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a906be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a906be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dflip_post_meta_box_shortcode\" class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"inside\"><div class=\"dflip-tabs normal-tabs\"><div id=\"dflip-tab-content-normal\" class=\"dflip-tab-content dflip-active\"><div class=\"_df_book df-lite\" id=\"df_4971\"  _slug=\"2016-03-058\" data-title=\"2016-03-058\" wpoptions=\"true\" thumbtype=\"\" ><\/div><script class=\"df-shortcode-script\" nowprocket type=\"application\/javascript\">window.option_df_4971 = {\"outline\":[],\"backgroundColor\":\"#ededed\",\"autoEnableOutline\":\"false\",\"autoEnableThumbnail\":\"false\",\"overwritePDFOutline\":\"false\",\"direction\":\"1\",\"pageSize\":\"0\",\"pageMode\":\"1\",\"soundEnable\":\"false\",\"source\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.sustainablemediterraneanconstruction.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/2016-03-058.pdf\",\"wpOptions\":\"true\"}; if(window.DFLIP && window.DFLIP.parseBooks){window.DFLIP.parseBooks();}<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e39c51\" data-id=\"9e39c51\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fb1e3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fb1e3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"885\" class=\"elementor elementor-885\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bf070db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bf070db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ed331d\" data-id=\"6ed331d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bd7ba4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4bd7ba4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>SMC N.03 2016<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d548a6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"d548a6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2231\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2231\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Table of contents<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2231\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2231\"><p><a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/\"><strong>SMC MAGAZINE N. THREE\/2016<\/strong><\/a><\/p><p>001_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-001\/\">COVER<\/a><\/p><p>003_VIEW_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-003\/\">The Air as Parameter for Designing Man\u2019s Space<\/a> <br \/><em>Dora Francese<\/em><\/p><p>010_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-010\/\">BOARDS AND INFORMATION<\/a><\/p><p><strong>FOCUS ON AIR AND ENVIRONMENT<\/strong><\/p><p>011_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-011\/\">From the Chimney to the Air Conditioning in the Mediterranean Buildings<\/a><br \/><em>Sabriela Kazazi, Fani Vavili<\/em><\/p><p>016_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-016\/\">From the Redrawing of the Papyri to the Paradigms of Passive Ventilation in Architecture<\/a><br \/><em>Adriana Rossi, Luis Palmero, Armando Di Nardo<\/em><\/p><p>023_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-023\/\">Impact of Natural Ventilation Options on Architectural Synthesis. Floor Plan, Section, Fa\u00e7ade<\/a><br \/><em>Anastasia D. Stavidrou<\/em><\/p><p>029_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-029\/\">Ventilation Performance in Semi-buried Buildings in Greek Architecture<\/a><br \/><em>Georgia Cheirchanteri<\/em><\/p><p>034_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-034\/\">Ventilation in patient\u2019s room<\/a><br \/><em>Artemis Kyrkou<\/em><\/p><p>038_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-038\/\">Wind Turbines and Landscape Transformation. A Necessity Turned to an Artifact<\/a><br \/><em>Maria Tratsela<\/em><\/p><p>042_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-042\/\">The Wind as a Musical Mapping Tool of the Urban Environment in the Mediterranean Area. The Example of the City of Thessaloniki, Greece<\/a><br \/><em>Dimitra Sideridou, George Sideridis<\/em><\/p><p><strong>STUDIES AND RESEARCHES<\/strong><\/p><p>046_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-046\/\">Exercises in Sustainability: Another Case Study<\/a><br \/><em>Anca Mitrache, Anca Mihaela Costantin<\/em><\/p><p>050_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-050\/\">An Approach to Assess Urban Resilience to Flood Risk Through Spatial Analysis<\/a><br \/><em>Angela Esposito<\/em><\/p><p>054_<a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-054\/\">The Restoration of the Pis\u00e8 Heritage: Experienced Results from Safeguarding Operations for the Marrakech Walling<\/a><br \/><em>Khalid Rkha Chaham, Naoual Gamrani, Mounsif Ibnoussina, Dora Francese, Saverio Mecca<\/em><\/p><p>058_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-058\/\">Towers, Urns and Castlets. Historical Evidence of Ancient Systems of Water Supply and Conveyance in Palermo<\/a><br \/><em>Tiziana Firrone<\/em><\/p><p><strong>PHD RESULTS<\/strong><\/p><p>066_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-066\/\">The Role of Fluid Dynamics for Green Buildings Performance<\/a><br \/><em>Valeria Cecafosso<\/em><\/p><p>067_<a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-067\/\">Technological Design for Bioclimatic Architecture. Strategies and Natural Ventilation Systems for Passive Cooling in Environmental and Energy Retrofit in the Mediterranean Climate<\/a><br \/><em>Filippo Calcerano<\/em><\/p><p>069_ <a href=\"\/en\/rivista\/2016-03\/2016-03-069\/\">LIST OF AUTHORS<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78985b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"78985b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7047\" class=\"elementor elementor-7047\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-702a7ec elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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HISTORICAL EVIDENCE OF ANCIENT SYSTEMS OF WATER SUPPLY AND CONVEYANCE IN PALERMO Autori:\u00a0 Tiziana Firrone STUDIES AND RESEARCHES Introduction The water flowing from the tap of our homes accounts for the final step of a long and complicated route beaten by time and man. The traces that water has left and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":1053,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4967","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&quot;TOWERS, URNS AND CASTLETS. HISTORICAL EVIDENCE ...&quot;<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"TOWERS, URNS AND CASTLETS. 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